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Haviland Printing & Graphics

haviland@bigplanet.com

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: Printing Processes

Lithography is the conventional method of print production today, generating smooth, rich color and soft transitions. Ink is applied to plates made from metal, plastic or paper. The ink is transferred to a blanket and then to paper. This process, also known as offset printing, allows single or multiple colors of ink to be laid on the paper�s surface.

Letterpress, once the most widely-used printing method, originated with the Gutenburg Press. Words and other images are made from metal. Ink is applied to the metal, the metal hits the paper, transfers the ink to the paper, and slightly embosses the surface of the paper. The result can lack sharpness of fine type, and give a grainy reproduction of larger images. It is used today to add a tactile or vintage feel to a printed piece.

Engraving uses a customized metal die to hold and apply opaque engraving ink onto the surface of the paper. The result is a crisp, raised print with rich color. Engraving provides excellent reproduction of fine lines, making it the best choice for intricate script and fine serif type. Used for the most elegant of wedding invitations, it can also lend an elegant look and feel to executive business stationery.

Thermography simulates the look of engraving, using the offset printing process. A powder is applied onto a freshly printed surface. The powder and paper are then subjected to heat, which causes the powdered image to rise. Thermography produces the texture of engraving, but not the crispness.

Embossing reshapes the surface of the paper, adding or removing texture using a metal die to achieve the desired creative effect. The process reforms the paper into the shape of the die through pressure and heat. The die can have a single level, or multiple levels. If no ink or foil is used with the embossing it is called blind embossing.

Foil Stamping transfers a film onto the paper�s surface. A die is used to form of the desired image, often a logo. Most often, foils are metallic, but this method can also be used for matte and pigment foils, as well as foils containing patterns and textures.

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